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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1krflli.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nx-ra-bar\"><div class=\"nx-ra-bar-in\"><nav class=\"nx-ra-crumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/departments\/\">Departments of the Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/departments\/ecology-land\/\">Department of Ecology and Land Systems<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\"><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">System<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><section class=\"nx-scene nx-ra-scene\" data-scene=\"academy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-ra-h1\" data-av-hero=\"cells\"><div class=\"nx-scene-stage nx-ra-stage\"><div class=\"nx-av\" data-av=\"cells\" data-av-tone=\"climate\" data-av-od=\"KjJZ0jVHJxTeQ6WY9ZM4RfNlikSajH5xEJEib3n9gNY=\" data-av-o=\"{&quot;seed&quot;:115}\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-av-poster\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 500\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"rdZLSiRREIXhrSQ1L\/s+Iu4D1B24COke9MCBoPtHzIiBBU70\/KNKKPgoTkXCf\/\/6\/P7\/+Pvy\/Pb2cHmtl+Pfw+Wput+No9b9cq2fT\/v8uO6jXOs68jm+OcpR1+XP4\/23zu6I03plnLERp5fJOMbs3BezszVmZ3NmZ9vMzt6ZnX0yO4\/K7DyM2XksZuc67dPxpr6ntTGOF8ZZC3F6G4wzmJ2tMDubMTvbZHb2yuzszuzsm9l5dGbnMZidZ2F2zt5YzvSG7GRv6E70huxkb\/zeaTe9oTurI072hu74Zpw9kf8re0N3JnPP2Ru6Y8w9Z2\/o7\/vZG60upDcA5+wNwDl7Q3Da194AnGGIE70BOFYYZzI7R28AjjP3HL2hO9EbgDMW4kRv6E70RvOK9IbuRG8AztkbgtO+9gbgmDPO6ogTvQE4zuwcvaH\/79EbgDOZe47eABzbjLOYnbM3ljG9oTvRG7oTvSE72Ru\/d257Q3ayN3THCuPMhTjZG7rjzD1nb8hO9obuDOaeszdkJ3qj14n0hu5EbwDO2Ru6E70BOCbufNMbuhO9ATi+GWczO0dvAM5k7jl6A3CMuefoDeB9P3uje0F6A3DO3gCcszd0J3oDcAazc\/QG4Ji4801v6L8negNwnNk5ekN3ojcAZzA7R2\/oTvbG6kxvyE72hu5Eb8hO9obuGLNz9obsZG\/ojjM7Z2\/ITvaG7kxm5+wN3TFm5+yNnzgf\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-av-ui\"><p class=\"nx-av-cap\">Illustrative: a hexagonal population grid where a wave rises, peaks and recovers from seeded outbreaks<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-av-pause\" data-av-act=\"pause\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-label=\"Pause the background animation\" disabled><svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 10 10\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M2 1h2v8H2zM6 1h2v8H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-scene-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium \u00b7 Earth and Environmental Sciences \u00b7 Department of Ecology and Land Systems<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nx-scene-accent\">Taught in the Foundation stream<\/p><h1 id=\"nx-ra-h1\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">The discipline covers the condition of species, genetic diversity and ecosystems, the services people draw from them and the risks their decline creates for societies and economies.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/biodiversity-and-ecosystems\/\">Open RAF-104 <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><nav class=\"nx-index-strip nx-ra-jump\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-scope\"><span>01<\/span>Scope<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-maps\"><span>02<\/span>Maps<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-geography\"><span>03<\/span>Live map<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-band-chapter\"><span>04<\/span>The subject<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-model\"><span>05<\/span>The method<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-instrument\"><span>06<\/span>Instrument<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-signature\"><span>07<\/span>Signature<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-band-standards\"><span>08<\/span>Standards and evidence<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-scenario\"><span>09<\/span>Console<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-band-technology\"><span>10<\/span>Practice<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-take-part\"><span>11<\/span>Take part<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-references\"><span>12<\/span>References<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-questions\"><span>13<\/span>Questions<\/a><\/div><\/nav><section id=\"nx-sec-scope\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"plain\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-scope-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Scope<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-scope-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the discipline covers<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The subtopics its courses and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">labs<\/a> teach.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Species and genetic diversity<\/li><li>Ecosystem integrity and condition<\/li><li>Ecosystem services<\/li><li>Wetlands and freshwater ecosystems<\/li><li>Forests and landscapes<\/li><li>Coastal and marine biodiversity<\/li><li>Restoration and nature-based solutions<\/li><li>Nature-related dependencies and impacts<\/li><li>Invasive alien species<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Courses in development extend the scope to further subjects: Nature-based solutions and restoration practice; Invasive alien species.<\/p><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-maps\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"maps\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-maps-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Maps<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-maps-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Maps and the globe for any place<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow biodiversity and ecosystems on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-map nx-tw\" data-ra-map=\"earth-environment\" data-ra-map-list=\"ra.ndvi r.dswx r.dswxs1 f.flood r.imerg r.smap r.hls f.ens\" data-ra-map-od=\"mpleTo1KNwcPRxl+ztsEwQ11GadNHB+tEt167lLJSvw=\" data-ra-map-state=\"idle\" data-ra-map-mode=\"learn\" data-ra-view=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-tw-head nx-ra-map-bar\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-label=\"Twin builder controls\"><p class=\"nx-tw-path\"><span>Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/span><span>Any place<\/span><strong>Twin builder<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"nx-ra-tb-search\" data-tw-search=\"true\"><\/div><span class=\"nx-ra-map-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"View\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"view-map\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Planet map<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"view-globe\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Globe<\/button><\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-map-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Extent\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"world\" aria-pressed=\"true\" disabled>World<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"anchor\" aria-pressed=\"false\" disabled>Worked example: Casale Monferrato<\/button><\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-map-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Mode\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"learn\" aria-pressed=\"true\" disabled>Learn<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"expert\" aria-pressed=\"false\" disabled>Expert<\/button><\/span><span class=\"nx-tw-more\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"share\" disabled>Share and cite<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-map-btn\" data-ra-map-act=\"tools\" disabled>Expert tools<\/button><\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-tw-gens nx-ra-tb-gens\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Twin generators\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-tb-gen\" data-ra-gen=\"water\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gk\">Extent<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gt\">Flood and surface-water extent<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gp\">OPERA surface water from optical and radar granules with the twin&#8217;s rivers.<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-tb-gen\" data-ra-gen=\"veg\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gk\">Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gt\">Vegetation through the season<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gp\">MODIS NDVI and EVI of the newest 8-day period over the plain; the date control steps the season.<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-tb-gen\" data-ra-gen=\"basin\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gk\">Channels<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gt\">Basin channels and discharge<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gp\">The rivers of the twin and the GloFAS discharge forecast at any clicked point.<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-tb-gen\" data-ra-gen=\"soil\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gk\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gt\">Soil water and rain field<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gp\">SMAP surface soil moisture with the IMERG rain rate.<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ra-tb-gen\" data-ra-gen=\"t3d\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gk\">3D<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gt\">Scientific 3D basin<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-tb-gp\">The twin above in 3D: terrain, channels and the cross-section instruments.<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-tw-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-map-views\"><div class=\"nx-ra-map-stage\"><div class=\"nx-ra-map-idle\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" data-ra-map-act=\"load\">Load the map<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-ra-tb-insp nx-tw-insp\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-tw-ictl\" hidden><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nx-tw-dock\" data-nx-tabs=\"dock\" aria-label=\"Simulator: instruments, layers and sources\"><div class=\"nx-tw-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Simulator panels\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-tw-tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tw-t-layers\" aria-controls=\"nx-tw-p-layers\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" data-key=\"layers\">Layers<span>9<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-tw-tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tw-t-src\" aria-controls=\"nx-tw-p-src\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-key=\"src\">Sources<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-tw-pane\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tw-p-layers\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tw-t-layers\"><div class=\"nx-tw-layers\" data-tw-layers=\"true\"><p class=\"nx-tw-empty\">Open the map to switch its 9 layers.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-tw-pane\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tw-p-src\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tw-t-src\" hidden><p class=\"nx-tw-empty\">8 live and observed layers for this page, 1 from the twin. Data: Natural Earth, MODIS Terra NDVI, NASA SMAP, NASA GPM IMERG Early, NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-HLS, NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-S1. Each layer states its provider, licence and date.<\/p><div class=\"nx-tw-cred\" data-tw-cred=\"true\"><\/div><\/div><\/aside><\/div><p class=\"nx-ra-map-note\" role=\"status\">The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"maps\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-geography-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Live map<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-geography-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Habitat condition in the Andes<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Vegetation, land cover, fires and ocean productivity and warmth from NASA satellites, over the Andes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"andes:biodiversity\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"biodiversity\" data-ml-relief=\"1.6\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:biodiversity\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi gibs.energy.fires gibs.food.cover gibs.food.gpp gibs.biodiversity.ssta gibs.biodiversity.chl gibs.water.true ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.pace r.labels\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-81.5,-25,-63,6\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Habitat condition, the Andes: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Vegetation<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"fires,evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Fire pressure<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ssta||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Marine heat<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">2<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Habitat condition<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"chl\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Chlorophyll-a\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA OB.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA OB.DAAC MODIS Aqua ocean colour \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"mg\/m\u00b3\">Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"chl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.chl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua ocean colour (NASA OB.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA OB.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate of chlorophyll-a near the sea surface on the day shown, an indicator of plankton and ocean productivity; not a measure of fish stocks or harmful blooms.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"7\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"image\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 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class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Habitat condition, framed on the Andes.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.obdaac.ocean-color\">MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group; distributed by the NASA Ocean Biology DAAC (OB.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li>Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, \u00a9 MapLibre contributors.<\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (5 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration: MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA OB.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-band-chapter\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-band-chapter-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The subject<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-band-chapter-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The subject, methods and measures and debates and bodies<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tabs\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"chapter\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The subject, methods and measures and debates and bodies\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-chapter\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-chapter\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"chapter\">The discipline<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-measures\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-measures\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"measures\">Measures<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-methods\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"methods\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-debates\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-debates\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"debates\">Debates<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-bodies\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-bodies\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"bodies\">Bodies and data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-chapter\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-chapter\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">The field and its scope<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">For ecologists, conservation planners, environmental assessors and analysts of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 nature-related-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk to organisations and societies from dependence on, and impacts upon, nature and its degradation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">nature-related risk<\/a> who need to read an abundance index, a Red List category or a species distribution model and know what it rests on.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-measures\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-measures\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Quantities and units<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-methods\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Methods and their limits<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each method is listed with what it assumes and where it fails.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-debates\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-debates\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">What the field debates<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-bodies\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-chapter-t-bodies\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Bodies that set practice, and the data they publish<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Bodies and standards are named so learners can find and apply their published work; the Academy teaches their use and links to the publisher, and no affiliation is implied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-model\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"plain\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-model-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The method<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-model-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From a cleared hectare to a Red List category: how habitat loss becomes species loss, and species loss a conservation decision<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The area of habitat that remains, and how intensely the rest is used, set how many species a landscape can hold; the species-area relation gives the expected loss, the Biodiversity Intactness Index the abundance left, and a threshold on either turns the numbers into a protection or restoration decision.<\/p><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14324\" rel=\"noopener\">Newbold et al., Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity<\/a> (2015); Mace et al., Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#8217;s system for classifying threatened species (2008); Tilman et al., Habitat destruction and the extinction debt (1994); Cardinale et al., Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity (2012); Diaz et al., Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019).<\/p><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-instrument-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Instrument<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-instrument-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-hp\"><figure class=\"nx-ra-sig\" data-motif=\"fan\" data-scope=\"discipline\"><svg class=\"nx-ra-sig-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Biodiversity and ecosystems: 1 primary courses open, 1 in preparation and 1 also taught here, across 9 subtopics and 1 connected discipline. Courses: RAF-104 L1 open, RAN-341 L2 in preparation, RAT-228 L2 also taught here.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title>Biodiversity and ecosystems: 1 primary courses open, 1 in preparation and 1 also taught here, across 9 subtopics and 1 connected discipline. Courses: RAF-104 L1 open, RAN-341 L2 in preparation, RAT-228 L2 also taught here.<\/title><\/svg><figcaption class=\"nx-ra-sig-cap\"><span><span class=\"nx-ra-sig-t\">Biodiversity and ecosystems at a glance<\/span><\/span><ul class=\"nx-ra-key\"><li data-k=\"live\">Open, 1<\/li><li data-k=\"prep\">In preparation, 1<\/li><li data-k=\"also\">Also taught here, 1<\/li><li data-k=\"topic\">Subtopics, 9<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nx-ra-sig-how\">Drawn as a scenario fan: each course is a branch from today, in study-level order. The widening is the form of the figure; it forecasts nothing.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-sig-src\">Course codes from the curriculum; study levels L1 to L4.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Faculty<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Department<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/departments\/ecology-land\/\">Department of Ecology and Land Systems<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Courses<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">1 course open<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Levels<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">L1 Introductory<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Map lab, Exposure lab, GeoAI lab<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">Risk Academy \u00b7 Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-signature-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-signature-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How biodiversity and ecosystems connects the sectors<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Select corners to build a signature, then hover a line to read what each sector gives and receives.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Biodiversity and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).\" data-sig-inst=\"Risk Academy\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Biodiversity and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-band-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-band-standards-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Standards and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-band-standards-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Standards and evidence, research and evidence, profile, what is changing and learning<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tabs\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"standards\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Standards and evidence, research and evidence, profile, what is changing and learning\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-standards\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-standards\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"standards\">Nexus Standards<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-hub\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-hub\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"hub\">Hub<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-profile\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-profile\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"profile\">Methods and standards<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-frontier\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frontier\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"frontier\">What is changing now<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-courses\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-courses\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"courses\">Courses<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-also\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-also\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"also\">Also taught here<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-labs\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-labs\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"labs\">Labs<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-standards\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-standards\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Nexus Standards it teaches and relies on<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> the discipline teaches toward, grouped by master standard, with the disciplines that teach each.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><ul class=\"nx-xcards\"><li><article class=\"nx-xcard\"><p class=\"nx-xcard-head\"><span class=\"nx-xcard-code\">nexustandards.com\/climate \u00b7 4 taught<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-xcard-body\"><h3 class=\"nx-xcard-t\"><a class=\"nx-xcard-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\">Climate and Earth Systems<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"nx-xcard-m\">NRS-H27 Biodiversity and species stress; NRS-H64 Ecosystem regime shifts<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-xcard-live\"><div><span class=\"nx-xcard-meter\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"1 of 1 disciplines teach toward it\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><span class=\"nx-xcard-kpi\"><b>4<\/b>standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-xcard-kpi\"><b>1<\/b>discipline<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-xcard-acts\"><a class=\"nx-xcard-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\">Open the area <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-xcard-alt\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/nexus-standards\/\">The mapping<\/a><\/div><\/article><\/li><li><article class=\"nx-xcard\"><p class=\"nx-xcard-head\"><span class=\"nx-xcard-code\">nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk \u00b7 1 taught<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-xcard-body\"><h3 class=\"nx-xcard-t\"><a class=\"nx-xcard-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/\">Systemic Risks<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"nx-xcard-m\">NRS-H68 Biome tipping elements<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-xcard-live\"><div><span class=\"nx-xcard-meter\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"1 of 1 disciplines teach toward it\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><span class=\"nx-xcard-kpi\"><b>1<\/b>standard<\/span><span class=\"nx-xcard-kpi\"><b>1<\/b>discipline<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-xcard-acts\"><a class=\"nx-xcard-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/\">Open the area <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-xcard-alt\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/nexus-standards\/\">The mapping<\/a><\/div><\/article><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-fs-foot\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/nexus-standards\/\">Nexus Standards at the Academy<\/a><span>The Academy proposes how each discipline teaches toward the Nexus Standards; the mapping is open for public review.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-hub\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-hub\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Research and tools<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty&#8217;s other tools.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-ra-feeds\" data-ra-feeds=\"earth-environment\" data-ra-feeds-od=\"abtY+VnfRANsD53a+xxAHwVAGGHEnAwnYfAZRBW2aoE=\" data-ra-feeds-scope=\"biodiversity-ecosystems\"><p class=\"nx-tw-empty\">The hub lists the newest research and preprints for Biodiversity and ecosystems, each with its source and date. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/research-hub\/\">Open the research hub<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-profile\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-profile\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Methods, frameworks and hazards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">From the Academy&#8217;s risk taxonomy: the discipline&#8217;s own entries and those of its primary courses, with how many courses teach each.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-ra-prof\"><div class=\"nx-ra-prof-c\" data-lead=\"true\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Hazard families<\/h3><ol><li><span>Biodiversity loss and ecosystem decline<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-prof-n\">1 course<\/span><\/li><li><span>Land degradation and desertification<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-prof-n\">1 course<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-frontier\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-frontier\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">What is changing now<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Recent developments in biodiversity and ecosystems, each with its source; sources checked on 16 October 2026.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-courses\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-courses\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Courses in this discipline<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Courses with this as their primary discipline.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-cc\"><p class=\"nx-cc-h\"><span class=\"nx-tw-path\"><strong>Courses with this primary discipline<\/strong><\/span><span>1 course open<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-ra-reg\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/biodiversity-and-ecosystems\/\"><span class=\"nx-ra-code\">RAF-104<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-b\"><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-t\">Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-state\" data-state=\"live\">Open for enrolment<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-m\">Foundation, L1 Introductory, 21.5 hours<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-also\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-also\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Courses from connected disciplines that also teach this field<\/h3><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each course has its primary discipline elsewhere and teaches this field as part of its scope.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-cc\"><p class=\"nx-cc-h\"><span class=\"nx-tw-path\"><strong>From connected disciplines<\/strong><\/span><span>In preparation<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-ra-reg\"><li><span data-planned-course=\"esg-risk-integration\"><span class=\"nx-ra-code\">RAT-228<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-b\"><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-t\">ESG Risk Integration<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-state\" data-state=\"prep\">In preparation<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-reg-m\">Technical, L2 Intermediate, 8 hours (estimate), primary discipline: Climate and nature financial risk<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-labs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-standards-t-labs\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">How the subject is practised in labs<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Lab<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What you do in it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Courses using it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Lab\">Map lab<\/td><td data-label=\"What you do in it\">Read hazard, exposure and boundaries on real maps<\/td><td data-label=\"Courses using it\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Lab\">Exposure lab<\/td><td data-label=\"What you do in it\">Overlay people and assets with hazard footprints<\/td><td data-label=\"Courses using it\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Lab\">GeoAI lab<\/td><td data-label=\"What you do in it\">Apply Earth observation and machine learning to open imagery<\/td><td data-label=\"Courses using it\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-scenario\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-ra-inst=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-scenario-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-scenario-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Biodiversity and ecosystems is taught, as a process you can run<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Press Play to run this process from this page&#8217;s own data.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-band-technology\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-band-technology-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Practice<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-band-technology-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Practice, learning and connections<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tabs\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"technology\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Practice, learning and connections\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-technology\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-technology\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"technology\">Technology in this area<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-ladder\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-ladder\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"ladder\">Achievements<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-pathways\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pathways\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"pathways\">Pathways<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-practice\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-practice\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"practice\">Where this is practised<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-foundry\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundry\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"foundry\">Practised in<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-connected\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connected\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"connected\">Connected disciplines<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-ecosystem\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-ecosystem\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"ecosystem\">Across the ecosystem<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-technology\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-technology\"><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">How technology helps and what risk it brings<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-ladder\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-ladder\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Achievements in this discipline<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"pVTbbtswDP0Vwi\/bgCRGm+4lcA2sXYEW6C5Yv4CVGEuILBoindR\/Pyi3uljbdeuLYdgiz4VHrDiACShyXsSHaUBrKRV1FTxYVJyKotJ5YfqUKGpRV24+Ou7OivqS+yQEaJynNbUUVarSzeuqGx3sID5MW52eFPWPSLDkBITGgdkVb7w6UOcFUMCrQJd8i2kA68X4LvhIEyBMkSxsHEUYuIcORUAd7Zt8yMVCImQBjfq1V08yg4xnMMI9HTpE3syqsqurMvg\/lCpbfk7m1yOTBVx4tn5NSbwOgNECGZZBlNrXpV9y2wVSgvkj1R15AR\/h\/uW2E0CFQCgKpzu3vGav1JFPz7i1LT+WnOTXm6iUWrIeleDj7ekn4AR4z2uagLJiCD42jzVnn6EllD6RzV9SzH9dJjuDmwiW1hS4y+P+Dy+pw6S5dgFXhgM3O723+XH3BiOvMEXQDT9RPApgdjMn4xEIePki1PsF\/UzcJGxbWsB3euhleoF5tr+8rOAbRmy2tGAZsBHnO+hQ3QaHt4WF1pQGMJwOSc9asrp\/gYI+Wkrj2G27e44ToGjzcPexEjDYiXKk9\/tymVhkukTTBx0WcE0Y1G39H2f9LzYc74fhGMko2dHYZZf07TIgCz4qNQnVrwkUZfWKhJLDU9DISnvceVF\/ieNEQV5NkMhwsgf7j7di72XeO5nLwWJHiWZQ4Xi9+rgqwCVanhdOtZNFWSYvK0GDltphZrgtx0Eui\/qaN1vgJvo8LthwWklVYr3V8hs=\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-pathways\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-pathways\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Pathways that teach it<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><div class=\"nx-ar\" data-start=\"none\"><ol class=\"nx-ar-ways\"><li><a class=\"nx-ar-a\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/pathways\/nrm-flagship\/\"><span class=\"nx-ar-k\">Academy flagship<\/span><span class=\"nx-ar-t\">Nexus-Based Risk Management flagship pathway<\/span><span class=\"nx-ar-m\">20 courses across the faculties.<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-ar-a\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/pathways\/climate-risk-officer\/\"><span class=\"nx-ar-k\">Role pathway<\/span><span class=\"nx-ar-t\">Climate risk officer<\/span><span class=\"nx-ar-m\">One of its 10 courses is in this discipline.<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-practice\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-practice\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Where the subject is practised<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-foundry\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-foundry\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">The two Foundry systems where it is practised<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><ul class=\"nx-ra-cite\"><li><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-o\">Foundry<\/span><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s7\">NXS-EOP system<\/a><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-n\">Habitat extent and condition are observational products<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-n\">Change room, Maps room<\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-o\"><\/span><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\">NXS-GRX system<\/a><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-n\">Biodiversity indicators are canonical risk data<\/span><span class=\"nx-ra-cite-n\">Data room<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-ra-cite-f\">Foundry system pages describe what each system and its rooms are designed to do; the courses teach the methods these systems apply.<\/p><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-connected\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-connected\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Disciplines it depends on<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><ul class=\"nx-ai\"><li><a class=\"nx-ai-a\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/one-health\/\"><span class=\"nx-ai-k\">Faculty of Health and Society<\/span><span class=\"nx-ai-t\">One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance<\/span><span class=\"nx-ai-w\">One Health links the health of people, animals, plants and the environment.<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-sec-ecosystem\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tb-band-technology-t-ecosystem\" hidden><div class=\"nx-ra-tp-h\"><h3 class=\"nx-h3\">Across the ecosystem<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-take-part\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-take-part-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-take-part-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Take part in Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Start from who you are.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-references\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"plain\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-references-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">References<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-references-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Core references and where to begin<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Start with D\u00edaz, then Mace, then Cardinale.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-as\" data-as=\"wide\" data-ra-wide=\"true\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-questions-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-questions-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions, answers and key terms<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body nx-as-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Is study here free?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Every course and learning material of Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium, is free to study, self-paced or with a cohort. Ordinary participation has no fee; paid work, internships and fellowships are separate arrangements.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does completing a course give me?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A completion record: the course, its version, the date and what was assessed, private by default and shared by you. It stacks into discipline, department and programme achievements. A record states what was studied and assessed and does not certify competence; it is not a licence, a professional title or an employment status.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where do the data and the places come from?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Every faculty teaches on a twin of a real place built from open data; each layer carries its provider, licence and date, and every result on the Academy states its source. Maps and figures are indicators for teaching, never an assessment of a place.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I take part beyond the courses in biodiversity and ecosystems?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Form a competence cell of three to seven people, study a shared pathway, take a supervised assignment in the National Working Groups, or bring a cohort from your institution. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/for-organisations\/\">For organisations<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-mt-4\">Key terms<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Term<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ecosystem services<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">The benefits people obtain from ecosystems, such as food, clean water, flood regulation and pollination.<\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Term<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ecosystem integrity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">The ability of an ecosystem to keep its structure, composition and functions within their natural range of variation.<\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Term<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Nature-based solutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Actions that protect, manage or restore ecosystems to address a societal challenge while benefiting biodiversity.<\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Term<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ecological tipping point<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A threshold beyond which an ecosystem shifts to a different state that is hard to reverse.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-ra-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-ra-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-ra-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/standards\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Nexus Standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/course-catalogue\/biodiversity-ecosystems\/\"><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Courses in biodiversity and ecosystems<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-hubs-ra-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"3\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-hubs-ra-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/climate-nature-financial-risk\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Finance:<\/span> Climate and Nature Financial Risk<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-11\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Global Biodiversity series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/areas\/biodiversity-nexus\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Reports:<\/span> Biodiversity Nexus in Reports<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Risk Academy<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\" data-nx-z=\"5ZVNb+NGDIb\/CjF7tawEayy2XVtAmgSLHNIUaYGivY1naA8RaUYgKcnqry9GSmJ3kSZtbkVv0vDr1fARue5qcLUV2Zh4KDyKmmpdU7W23xwXzrI3EBh3GxNUW\/m+LJnkQayzHptx6VJTomUNBcaeOMUGo5YDk2KhqeikdCmqdVqaai2tjd9W0NT+jYWxNtV1Y6lel9n+sldIWf1XqzjYEb7+WlxcXlxd3\/72FPNKqJLWaKqfMXoghR2nBjSQQGv3+FrgEEZTXffkMTpcgAWXmNEppTi9WZlOG9SQfH5i7AmH\/KRso9Q2u0JiaDntqEag2Ha6hBsFy0w9Cqjd79HDQBqOohYgCTQgoCdNDENIkIYoWT6jwymSdPma+H0yYJlsEch7jBuj3GFuQb8\/cbXMaTCQZf+QDhtzBmdw\/gnOP70c3FoN4Dfm9iN8Dudnt9\/Bql7BqljBypS5Cf3+uRWlrdZlpu39xEU8dFIwtolVytRiLMRR7kb5IR4KQVf8gTH59D7ofp9i36bursUIHtskpP+ct6s5IPfMRg\/SbRtS0LmxLjVNF0nHN\/n7qdvWJAHG1HGGIAOQ2EOKMOuf2ZnMd\/eXN1dAV4tcIz6VPFa9n2\/yWD2fMi7hsmOrieWRYCD9MgVc3d2AqB1lyi\/\/M+DySGPadorvnGqP9\/02YfckD3AxC\/k3Ew0Be+QR8kzUBEfBb2L1ywTho3ueUjq2KAsIaQC0LgA9wYB+AUOwCo7zOMokPA2hiTOoyeVfcqJ8ciSBmHWBdQ5bRf8f4abs6mrtqT8pW1OPhdRJDXirtoiH3fS6Mce7PjE9UPQbMyR+2NVZ7rOBUVLHDjdmQiyzZ19YqFtKnnpkIR0LdElGUWzkw4vFJgo25vLZBvi4q06cAtI+6MasPp8ZmC+pWpee+mrdnnxnTIoQD0WjxUdT\/Th1T\/LCbJElRVtPGRf5TEipz6tsx1aUO6cdI3hUS3XedTaOGijuJ1CC7RFiAs4qMqISbB44F3+F7wQ22OIuMUIn+GWSkFORZv8dsuRkttOQWAK1ud68I8nWcxFZzOO2TVEenWYYt90oYGFHU8rlumyrPwE=\"><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-1\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/land-forests-soils\/\">Land, forests and soils <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/planetary-boundaries-earth-resilience\/\">Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/departments\/ecology-land\/\">Department of Ecology and Land Systems <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity and ecosystems<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Start with an open course<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The catalogue lists each course with its outcomes, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">labs<\/a>, hours and level.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/biodiversity-and-ecosystems\/\">Open RAF-104 <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/departments\/ecology-land\/\">Back to Department of Ecology and Land Systems<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/biodiversity-ecosystems\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/biodiversity-ecosystems\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is study here free?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. 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