Illustrative: interbank exposures between a core and a periphery, and a default spreading

Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium · Finance and Economics

Banking and credit risk

Banking and credit risk covers the risks banks take and manage: credit and counterparty risk, capital and liquidity, governance and risk culture, operational resilience, climate and nature risk in lending, property finance and the models banks use.

Map banking and credit risk on a real place

01Model

The model, step by step

The model

From a borrower to a capital charge: expected loss, unexpected loss and the Basel formula

DataModelGateDecisionStandard it teachesStandard it relies onNeighbouring discipline

6 steps
Capital held against the loan (million)
5.8
Probability of default
1.0%
Loss given default
45%
Expected loss per year (million)
0.45
/

The model From a borrower to a capital charge: expected loss, unexpected loss and the Basel formula

02Scope

What the discipline covers

The subtopics its courses and labs teach.

Banking and credit risk: 0 primary courses open, 2 in preparation and 1 also taught here, across 9 subtopics. Courses: RAN-309 L2 in preparation, RAT-215 L3 in preparation, RAF-117 L1 also taught here.20L1L2L3L42
Banking and credit risk at a glance
  • Open, 0
  • In preparation, 2
  • Also taught here, 1
  • Subtopics, 9
Course codes from the curriculum; study levels L1 to L4.
Courses
In development
Levels
L2 Intermediate, L3 Advanced
Labs
Network lab
  • Credit risk and expected loss
  • Counterparty risk
  • Capital and liquidity regulation
  • Bank governance and risk culture
  • Climate and nature risk in banking
  • Housing and property finance
  • Islamic banking
  • Bank operational resilience
  • Model risk in banking
03The discipline

The field and its scope

For credit analysts, risk managers, supervisors and students who need to read a bank balance sheet as a set of measured risks and understand the Basel framework at a conceptual level.

04Measures

Quantities and units

05Methods

Methods and their limits

Each method is listed with what it assumes and where it fails.

06Debates

What the field debates

07Bodies and data

Bodies that set practice, and the data they publish

Bodies and standards are named so learners can find and apply their published work; the Academy teaches their use and links to the publisher, and no affiliation is implied.

08Simulator

Run the discipline's simulator

Banking and credit risk's own model, as a live chart: move each parameter and read how the outputs respond.

09Maps

Build a twin of any place

Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow banking and credit risk on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.

Houston and the Ship Channel: a flat plan of the faculty twin. Terrain 0 to 66 m; 30 power plants, 11,875 MW; 7 refineries and chemical works; 2 port land; 29 named works; 154 named industrial sites; Surface water extent, OPERA DSWx (HLS): read live when the 3D twin opens; Built-up and settlement extent, HBASE 2010: read live when the 3D twin opens. Contours every 10 metres from the elevation grid; power plants as marks; refineries, terminals and industrial sites as marks.
Houston and the Ship Channel, United States. Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, the plants by capacity, the industrial points by kind and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.
  • Terrain 0 to 66 m
  • 30 power plants, 11,875 MW
  • 7 refineries and chemical works
  • 2 port land
  • 29 named works
  • 154 named industrial sites
  • Surface water extent, OPERA DSWx (HLS): read live when the 3D twin opens
  • Built-up and settlement extent, HBASE 2010: read live when the 3D twin opens
Credits and dates per layer are listed under the stage. Relief in the twin is exaggerated ×1.5 for legibility.

Drag to move, right drag or Shift with a drag to turn and tilt, Ctrl with the wheel to zoom. Keyboard: arrows move, Shift with arrows turn and tilt, + and - zoom, 0 resets, V steps through the views, Escape clears.

Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, the plants by capacity, the industrial points by kind and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.

The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).

10Nexus Standards

Nexus Standards it teaches and relies on

The Nexus Standards the discipline teaches toward, grouped by master standard, with the disciplines that teach each.

11Research hub

Research hub: papers, preprints and datasets

Open scholarly sources searched with the subject terms of Banking and credit risk.

Search termsBanking and credit risk; Credit risk and expected loss; Counterparty risk; Capital and liquidity regulation; Bank governance and risk culture; Climate and nature risk in bankingDerived from the Risk Academy page on Banking and credit risk.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

12Hub

Research and tools

Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty's other tools.

The hub lists the newest research and preprints for Banking and credit risk, each with its source and date. Open the research hub

13Methods and standards

Frameworks and standards it works with

From the Academy's risk taxonomy: the discipline's own entries and those of its primary courses, with how many courses teach each.

Frameworks and standards

  1. Basel Framework2 courses

Methods and practice

  1. Probability, return periods and loss metrics1 course

Hazard families

  1. Banking and financial crisis1 course
14What is changing now

What is changing now

Recent developments in banking and credit risk, each with its source; sources checked on 16 October 2026.

15Courses

Courses in this discipline

Courses for this discipline are in development; until they open, study it through the connected courses and open lessons below.

Courses with this primary disciplineIn development

  1. RAN-309Risk in BankingIn developmentNexus, L2 Intermediate, 12 hours (estimate)
  2. RAT-215Credit Risk ModellingIn developmentTechnical, L3 Advanced, 12 hours (estimate)
16Also taught here

Courses from connected disciplines that also teach this field

Each course has its primary discipline elsewhere and teaches this field as part of its scope.

From connected disciplinesIn development

  1. RAF-117Financial Risk Foundations: Credit, Market and LiquidityIn developmentFoundation, L1 Introductory, 8 hours (estimate), primary discipline: Market, liquidity and treasury risk
17Labs

How the subject is practised in labs

LabWhat you do in itCourses using it
Network labBuild dependency graphs, find critical nodes, trace cascades1
18Technology in this area

How technology helps and what risk it brings

19Achievements

Achievements in this discipline

21Where this is practised

Where the subject is practised

  • The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)Banking NexusBank governance, Bank operational resilience, Banking and the real economy, Capital and liquidity, Climate and nature risk in banking, Credit and counterparty risk, Housing and property finance, Islamic banking, Model and AI risk, Payment dependencies

Field platforms of the ecosystem where the subject is studied and applied.

22Practised in

The two Nexus Foundry systems where it is practised

  • Nexus FoundryGRIx systemCredit exposure to physical and systemic riskData room
  • DSS systemCredit stress scenariosScenarios room

Nexus Foundry system pages describe what each system and its rooms are designed to do; the courses teach the methods these systems apply.

23Across the ecosystem

Across the ecosystem

25References

Core references and where to begin

Start with Diamond, then Diamond, then Merton.

NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-ACADEMY

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Risk Academy
Banking and credit risk

Prepare with a related course

Open courses in connected disciplines teach the methods this discipline will build on.

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