Illustrative: sea-surface temperature, eddy-driven surface drifters and the ice edge

Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium · Earth and Environmental Sciences

Oceans and coasts

The discipline covers marine ecosystems, coastal hazards such as storm surge, erosion and sea-level rise, ocean observation, and the communities, fisheries, ports and blue economy that depend on the ocean.

Map oceans and coasts on a real place

01Model

The model, step by step

The model

From a centimetre of sea level to a flooded street: how a rising mean turns a rare surge into a frequent one, and what a defence must be

DataModelGateDecisionStandard it teachesStandard it relies onNeighbouring discipline

7 steps
Chance of overtopping in 30 years
14.3%
Amplification of exceedance frequency
14.4×
New return period of today's 100-year surge
6.95 years
Return period of overtopping the defence
195 years
/

The model From a centimetre of sea level to a flooded street: how a rising mean turns a rare surge into a frequent one, and what a defence must be

02Scope

What the discipline covers

The subtopics its courses and labs teach.

Oceans and coasts: 0 primary courses open, 4 in preparation and 5 also taught here, across 10 subtopics and 4 connected disciplines. Courses: RAN-323 L2 in preparation, RAN-338 L2 in preparation, RAN-342 L2 in preparation, RAN-359 L2 in preparation, RAF-110 L1 also taught here, RAN-319 L2 also taught here, RAN-320 L2 also taught here, RAN-337 L2 also taught here, RAT-211 L2 also taught here.
Oceans and coasts at a glance
  • Open, 0
  • In preparation, 4
  • Also taught here, 5
  • Subtopics, 10
Course codes from the curriculum; study levels L1 to L4.
Courses
In development
Levels
L2 Intermediate
Labs
Map lab, Exposure lab, GeoAI lab
  • Sea-level rise and coastal flood
  • Storm surge and coastal erosion
  • Marine ecosystems and ocean warming
  • Ocean acidification and deoxygenation
  • Fisheries and coastal livelihoods
  • Ports and maritime infrastructure
  • Marine pollution
  • Ocean observation
  • Island resilience
  • Blue economy

Courses in development extend the scope to further subjects: Ocean warming, acidification and marine heatwaves; Fisheries and aquaculture risk; Ocean governance beyond national jurisdiction.

03The discipline

The field and its scope

For coastal planners, port and fisheries managers, marine scientists and analysts of coastal risk who need to read a sea-level projection, a storm surge return level or an ocean heat record and know what each can support.

04Measures

Quantities and units

05Methods

Methods and their limits

Each method is listed with what it assumes and where it fails.

06Debates

What the field debates

07Bodies and data

Bodies that set practice, and the data they publish

Bodies and standards are named so learners can find and apply their published work; the Academy teaches their use and links to the publisher, and no affiliation is implied.

08Simulator

Run the discipline's simulator

Oceans and coasts's own model, as a live chart: move each parameter and read how the outputs respond.

09Maps

Maps and the globe for any place

Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow oceans and coasts on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.

The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).

10Nexus signature

How oceans and coasts connects the sectors

Select corners to build a signature, then hover a line to read what each sector gives and receives.

Select corners · hover lines10 / 15 relations

Context

Coastal storm surge

Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.

W · E · I · F · H · B

Sectors
5 of 6
Relations
10 of 15
Coupling
0.64 share of total

Strongest relations in play

  • Energy → Infrastructure · power for transport and telecoms0.8
  • Water → Energy · cooling water and hydropower0.6
  • Water → Biodiversity · environmental flows0.6
  • Infrastructure → Water · pipes, dams and treatment works0.6
Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.
11Nexus Standards

Nexus Standards it teaches and relies on

The Nexus Standards the discipline teaches toward, grouped by master standard, with the disciplines that teach each.

12Research hub

Research hub: papers, preprints and datasets

Open scholarly sources searched with the subject terms of Oceans and coasts.

Search termsOceans and coasts; Sea-level rise and coastal flood; Storm surge and coastal erosion; Marine ecosystems and ocean warming; Ocean acidification and deoxygenation; Fisheries and coastal livelihoodsDerived from the Risk Academy page on Oceans and coasts.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

13Hub

Research and tools

Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty's other tools.

The hub lists the newest research and preprints for Oceans and coasts, each with its source and date. Open the research hub

14Methods and standards

Methods, frameworks and hazards

From the Academy's risk taxonomy: the discipline's own entries and those of its primary courses, with how many courses teach each.

Hazard families

  1. Sea level rise and coastal change2 courses
  2. Coastal flood and storm surge1 course
  3. Ground subsidence1 course
  4. Tropical cyclone1 course
15What is changing now

What is changing now

Recent developments in oceans and coasts, each with its source; sources checked on 16 October 2026.

16Courses

Courses in this discipline

Courses for this discipline are in development; until they open, study it through the connected courses and open lessons below.

Courses with this primary disciplineIn development

  1. RAN-323Disaster Risk in Small Island Developing StatesIn developmentNexus, L2 Intermediate, 10 hours (estimate)
  2. RAN-338Asian Megadeltas: Floods, Subsidence and SalinityIn developmentNexus, L2 Intermediate, 8 hours (estimate)
17Also taught here

Courses from connected disciplines that also teach this field

Each course has its primary discipline elsewhere and teaches this field as part of its scope.

18Labs

How the subject is practised in labs

LabWhat you do in itCourses using it
Map labRead hazard, exposure and boundaries on real maps7
Exposure labOverlay people and assets with hazard footprints5
GeoAI labApply Earth observation and machine learning to open imagery2
19Technology in this area

How technology helps and what risk it brings

AspectIn this area
Technology that helpsEarth observation and acoustic monitoring, environmental DNA and GeoAI.
Risk technology createsThe governance of biotechnology releases, and data sovereignty.
  • RAT-212 GeoAI for Risk: Methods and Critical Review In development
  • RAS-419 Biosecurity Governance and Oversight In development
  • RAT-233 Risk Data Governance, Provenance and Licensing In development
20Achievements

Achievements in this discipline

21Pathways

Pathways that teach it

22Where this is practised

Where the subject is practised

  • The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada)Oceans and CoastsBlue economy, Fisheries and livelihoods, Island resilience, Marine ecosystems, Marine pollution, Ocean observation, Ports and maritime infrastructure, Sea level and coastal flood
  • The Global Risks Forum (GRF)Climate and Nature GovernanceLand and ocean governance
  • The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada)Oceans and coasts

Field platforms of the ecosystem where the subject is studied and applied.

23Practised in

The two Nexus Foundry systems where it is practised

  • Nexus FoundryEOP systemShorelines, sea surface and coastal change can be seen from orbitChange room, Maps room
  • OP systemTide gauges and buoys are physical instrumentsInstruments room

Nexus Foundry system pages describe what each system and its rooms are designed to do; the courses teach the methods these systems apply.

24Connected disciplines

Disciplines it depends on

25Across the ecosystem

Across the ecosystem

27References

Core references and where to begin

Start with IPCC, then Church, then Kopp.

NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-ACADEMY

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Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Risk Academy
Oceans and coasts

Prepare with a related course

Open courses in connected disciplines teach the methods this discipline will build on.

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