Illustrative: a fire front spreading fastest downwind over hill terrain, embers and the smoke plume

Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium · Hazards, Disasters and Resilience

Heat, drought and wildfire

Heat, drought and wildfire are the hazards of the warm, dry end of the climate system.

Map heat, drought and wildfire on a real place

01Model

The model, step by step

The model

From a forecast temperature to a heat-health alert: how humidity, an exposure-response curve and a baseline turn heat into excess deaths

DataModelGateDecisionStandard it teachesStandard it relies onNeighbouring discipline

7 steps
Excess deaths per day
43
Apparent temperature
42.7 °C
Relative risk of death
1.39
Baseline deaths per day
110
/

The model From a forecast temperature to a heat-health alert: how humidity, an exposure-response curve and a baseline turn heat into excess deaths

02Scope

What the discipline covers

The subtopics its courses and labs teach.

Heat, drought and wildfire: 0 primary courses open, 2 in preparation and 10 also taught here, across 8 subtopics and 5 connected disciplines. Courses: RAN-345 L2 in preparation, RAN-346 L2 in preparation, RAF-106 L2 also taught here, RAF-109 L1 also taught here, RAF-110 L1 also taught here, RAN-302 L2 also taught here, RAN-304 L2 also taught here, RAN-305 L2 also taught here, RAN-311 L2 also taught here, RAN-313 L2 also taught here, RAN-316 L2 also taught here, RAN-321 L2 also taught here.
Heat, drought and wildfire at a glance
  • Open, 0
  • In preparation, 2
  • Also taught here, 10
  • Subtopics, 8
Course codes from the curriculum; study levels L1 to L4.
Courses
In development
Levels
In development
Labs
Map lab, Trigger lab, Exposure lab, Network lab, GeoAI lab, Geo quiz
  • Heatwaves and heat stress
  • Drought types and indices
  • Drought monitoring and early warning
  • Wildfire behaviour and fire weather
  • Wildfire smoke and health
  • Heat action plans
  • Urban heat islands
  • Compound heat and drought

Courses in development extend the scope to further subjects: Wildfire risk management; Heat-health action planning.

03The discipline

The field and its scope

For public health officers, water managers, fire agencies, agricultural analysts and planners who monitor heat, drought and fire danger and need to know what each index measures and what it leaves out.

04Measures

Quantities and units

05Methods

Methods and their limits

Each method is listed with what it assumes and where it fails.

06Debates

What the field debates

07Bodies and data

Bodies that set practice, and the data they publish

Bodies and standards are named so learners can find and apply their published work; the Academy teaches their use and links to the publisher, and no affiliation is implied.

08Simulator

Run the discipline's simulator

Heat, drought and wildfire's own model runs in the scene at the top of this page: set its parameters there and play the steps. The separate chart simulator is left off this page so that it stays within its size budget.

09Maps

Build a twin of any place

Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow heat, drought and wildfire on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.

The Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence of 2023: a flat plan of the faculty twin. Terrain 59 to 3,044 m; 2 reference earthquakes, M7.5 to M7.8; 3,643,786 people in the box, 2020; Earthquakes M4.5 and above, past week: read live when the 3D twin opens; USGS ShakeMap intensity contours: read live when the 3D twin opens. Contours every 500 metres from the elevation grid; population count 2020, worldpop 1 km as four classes per cell (edges 11, 47, 405); reference earthquakes as marks.
The Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence of 2023, Turkiye. Flat plan of the same data: relief, the two epicentres with magnitude and depth, the WorldPop count grid and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.
  • Terrain 59 to 3,044 m
  • 2 reference earthquakes, M7.5 to M7.8
  • 3,643,786 people in the box, 2020
  • Earthquakes M4.5 and above, past week: read live when the 3D twin opens
  • USGS ShakeMap intensity contours: read live when the 3D twin opens
Credits and dates per layer are listed under the stage. Relief in the twin is exaggerated ×1.5 for legibility.

Drag to move, right drag or Shift with a drag to turn and tilt, Ctrl with the wheel to zoom. Keyboard: arrows move, Shift with arrows turn and tilt, + and - zoom, 0 resets, V steps through the views, Escape clears.

Flat plan of the same data: relief, the two epicentres with magnitude and depth, the WorldPop count grid and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.

The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).

10Nexus Standards

Nexus Standards it teaches and relies on

The Nexus Standards the discipline teaches toward, grouped by master standard, with the disciplines that teach each.

11Research hub

Research hub: papers, preprints and datasets

Open scholarly sources searched with the subject terms of Heat, drought and wildfire.

Search termsHeat, drought and wildfire; Heatwaves and heat stress; Drought types and indices; Drought monitoring and early warning; Wildfire behaviour and fire weather; Wildfire smoke and healthDerived from the Risk Academy page on Heat, drought and wildfire.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

12Hub

Research and tools

Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty's other tools.

The hub lists the newest research and preprints for Heat, drought and wildfire, each with its source and date. Open the research hub

13Methods and standards

Hazard families it covers

From the Academy's risk taxonomy: the discipline's own entries and those of its primary courses, with how many courses teach each.

Hazard families

  1. Droughtscope
  2. Extreme heatscope
  3. Wildfirescope
14What is changing now

What is changing now

Recent developments in heat, drought and wildfire, each with its source; sources checked on 16 October 2026.

15Courses

Courses in this discipline

Courses for this discipline are in development; until they open, study it through the connected courses and open lessons below.

The courses from connected disciplines below also teach this field.

16Also taught here

Courses from connected disciplines that also teach this field

Each course has its primary discipline elsewhere and teaches this field as part of its scope.

17Labs

How the subject is practised in labs

18Technology in this area

How technology helps and what risk it brings

19Achievements

Achievements in this discipline

20Pathways

Pathways that teach it

21Where this is practised

Where the subject is practised

22Practised in

The three Nexus Foundry systems where it is practised

23Connected disciplines

Disciplines it depends on

24Across the ecosystem

Across the ecosystem

26References

Core references and where to begin

Start with Wilhite, then Gasparrini, then Perkins.

NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-ACADEMY

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Risk Academy
Heat, drought and wildfire

Start with an open course

The catalogue lists each course with its outcomes, labs, hours and level.

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