Faculty of Technology and Digital Systems

01Map

How its disciplines connect

The map

DepartmentDisciplineNexus Standard taught here

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02Maps

Build a twin of any place

Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow the faculty's subjects on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.

West Cornwall: Goonhilly and the Porthcurno cable landings, United Kingdom. Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, the mapped ground infrastructure by kind, the mapped cables and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices that can draw it, once its data and code have been checked.

Terrain 0 to 245 m
4 satellite dishes
74 communication masts and towers
12 telephone exchanges
7 data centres and cable landing stations
12 aerodromes
1 telecom offices
Communication line 161 km
729 known exploited vulnerabilities since 2023-10-17
Night-time lights, VIIRS day-night band: read live when the 3D twin opens

Credits and dates per layer are listed under the stage. Relief in the twin is exaggerated ×1.5 for legibility.

Drag to move, right drag or Shift with a drag to turn and tilt, Ctrl with the wheel to zoom. Keyboard: arrows move, Shift with arrows turn and tilt, + and – zoom, 0 resets, V steps through the views, Escape clears.

Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, the mapped ground infrastructure by kind, the mapped cables and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices that can draw it, once its data and code have been checked.

Orbit propagator

SGP4 in your browser on element sets you paste: sub-satellite point, altitude and speed now, the look angles from the Goonhilly dishes and the next pass above 10 degrees, with the ground tracks drawn over one orbit.

No element source is admitted for the Academy yet (the CelesTrak row is pending), so nothing is propagated at build. Paste one or more element sets below (two-line sets, or CelesTrak OMM JSON) and press Propagate: SGP4 runs in your browser, the sub-satellite point and the look angles from Goonhilly update every second, and the next pass above 10 degrees is found by a 30-second scan over the coming 24 hours.

Elements None pasted yet.

Object	Epoch age	Altitude now	Sub-satellite point	From Goonhilly	Next pass above 10 degrees

Reading	Value
Station	1 satellite dishes mapped at Goonhilly (4 in the box)
Position used	50.2179, -5.2122 (the mean of the mapped dish points; a surface model height of 0 m)
Minimum elevation	10 degrees above the horizon for the pass finder (a design value the learner can change)

Altitude	Orbit	Ground range at 10 degrees elevation	Ground range at the horizon
400 km	low Earth orbit, crewed station altitude	1,344 km	2,201 km
550 km	low Earth orbit, broadband constellations	1,664 km	2,557 km
1,200 km	low Earth orbit, upper shell	2,672 km	3,636 km
20,200 km	medium Earth orbit, navigation constellations	7,377 km	8,465 km
35,786 km	geostationary orbit	7,944 km	9,041 km

SGP4 estimates from the pasted element sets, never observations; accuracy degrades with element age. No element source is admitted (the CelesTrak row is pending), so nothing is propagated until you paste a set. SGP4 estimates from element sets, never observations; accuracy degrades with element age. No element source is admitted: the learner pastes the sets. Method: Vallado, D. A., Crawford, P., Hujsak, R. and Kelso, T. S. (2006), Revisiting Spacetrack Report #3, AIAA 2006-6753; Hoots, F. R. and Roehrich, R. L. (1980), Spacetrack Report No. 3.

AI evaluation ledger

A ledger of evaluation records (system, task, metric, score, date, evaluator, evidence link) with the metric definitions beside it and summary statistics per metric; records you add are kept for this page view.

The ledger holds evaluation records: system, task, metric, score, date, evaluator and an evidence link, one per line separated by vertical bars. No course of the faculty has supplied records yet, so the ledger opens empty; records you add stay on this page view only. A record without an evidence link is marked unsupported.

Metric	Definition the ledger uses
Accuracy	The share of task instances answered correctly against the task's reference answers; task-specific (exact match, F1, pass rate).
Calibration	How well stated confidence matches observed accuracy, read as expected calibration error over confidence bins.
Robustness	Accuracy under perturbations of the input (typos, paraphrase, dialect, adversarial edits) relative to the clean score.
Fairness	Differences in accuracy or error across groups defined by the task's demographic or dialect attributes.
Bias and toxicity	Rates of stereotyped association and toxic output measured by a stated classifier on the model's generations.
Refusal rate	The share of prompts the system declines, split by prompts it should and should not decline; a course definition.
Efficiency	Inference cost per instance: latency, tokens or energy, stated with the hardware.

Records 0 records; 0 supplied by courses.

System	Task	Metric	Score	Date	Evaluator	Evidence

Metric	Records	Mean	Lowest	Highest	Unsupported

A course ledger, not a benchmark result of any product; no course of the faculty has supplied records yet, so the ledger opens empty and entries without an evidence link are marked unsupported. A course ledger, not a benchmark result of any product. A record without an evidence link is marked unsupported. Method: Liang, P. et al. (2022), Holistic Evaluation of Language Models, arXiv:2211.09110, for the metric taxonomy the ledger follows.

Incident timeline

The catalogue entries of the KEV snapshot by month, by vendor and by the known ransomware campaign use flag, with the median days from addition to the due date; filter by vendor or by the flag.

Catalogue entries added since 2023-10-17 from the snapshot of 2026-10-16 (catalogue version 2026.10.16): 729 of 1,748 entries in the catalogue. Filter by vendor or by the ransomware flag; the counts recompute in your browser from the same rows.

All vendors 729 entries, 109 flagged for known ransomware campaign use (15 percent); most added in 2026-09 (43); median 21 days from addition to the due date.

Vendor or project	Entries	Share
Microsoft	119	16 percent
Cisco	34	5 percent
Apple	27	4 percent
Google	25	3 percent
Ivanti	24	3 percent
Fortinet	21	3 percent
Linux	19	3 percent
Adobe	17	2 percent

A dated snapshot of a public catalogue, never a live or complete feed; the page prints the snapshot date and catalogue version; counts are counts of catalogue entries, not of incidents or victims. A dated snapshot of a public catalogue, never a live feed. Counts describe the catalogue, not incidents at any organisation. Method: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog (CC0 1.0), snapshot 2026-10-17, catalogue version 2026.10.16, released 2026-10-16.

The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).

03Live map

Connected activity in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Night-time lights and population density, the footprint of electrified, connected activity, over the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

Connected activity

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Connected activity, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences

We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
© OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
Optional layers (3 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04The faculty's method

From a dataset to an incident: where risk enters an AI system's life and where it is caught

An AI system's risk is set at four gates: the data it learns from, the evaluation it must pass, the share of its use that is monitored, and the time it takes to roll back. A system with a weak gate anywhere carries that weakness into every deployment.

Sources: NIST, Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) (2023); Gebru and others, Datasheets for datasets (2021); OECD AI Incidents Monitor (2026-10-17); ISO/IEC 42001:2023, Information technology, Artificial intelligence, Management system (2023).

05Departments

Departments and their disciplines

Each card names the department's disciplines and its open courses.

06Disciplines

Disciplines of the faculty

Each discipline once, in its department.

07Console

How Technology and Digital Systems is organised, as a process you can run

Press Play to run this process from this page's own data.

08Standards and evidence

Standards and evidence, with 5 related topics

Nexus Standards the faculty teaches toward

The Nexus Standards areas whose standards the faculty's disciplines teach toward, with the number of standards and disciplines in each.

09Learning

Learning and connections

Labs used in the faculty's courses

Lab	What you do in it	Courses using it
Network lab	Build dependency graphs, find critical nodes, trace cascades	2
GeoAI lab	Apply Earth observation and machine learning to open imagery	1

10Take part

Take part in Technology and Digital Systems

Start from who you are.

11Questions

Questions, answers and key terms

Is study here free?

Yes. Every course and learning material of Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium, is free to study, self-paced or with a cohort. Ordinary participation has no fee; paid work, internships and fellowships are separate arrangements.

What does completing a course give me?

A completion record: the course, its version, the date and what was assessed, private by default and shared by you. It stacks into discipline, department and programme achievements. A record states what was studied and assessed and does not certify competence; it is not a licence, a professional title or an employment status.

Where do the data and the places come from?

Every faculty teaches on a twin of a real place built from open data; each layer carries its provider, licence and date, and every result on the Academy states its source. Maps and figures are indicators for teaching, never an assessment of a place.

How do I take part beyond the faculty's courses?

Form a competence cell of three to seven people, study a shared pathway, take a supervised assignment in the National Working Groups, or bring a cohort from your institution. For organisations.

Key terms

Term