Illustrative: two backbones and their base pairs, the major and minor grooves, a reading frame travelling along the strand
Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium · Faculty
Faculty of Health and Society
Risk reaches people through their lungs, their work, their income and their rights: an outbreak doubles in a crowded cell, a hospital network has no surge capacity, a transition takes away a livelihood without remedy.
How its disciplines connect
The map
DepartmentDisciplineNexus Standard taught here
Build a twin of any place
Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow the faculty's subjects on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.
Health and SocietyAny placeTwin builder
- Terrain 191 to 315 m
- 950 hospitals
- 26,073,018 people in the box, 2020
- Population density, GPW v4.11 (2020): read live when the 3D twin opens
- Air quality, Copernicus CAMS via Open-Meteo (hourly, 5 days): read live when the 3D twin opens
- Nitrogen dioxide column, TROPOMI (Sentinel-5P): read live when the 3D twin opens
- Surface air temperature, AIRS (daily, day): read live when the 3D twin opens
- Urban heat island, summer daytime 2013: read live when the 3D twin opens
- Built-up and settlement extent, HBASE 2010: read live when the 3D twin opens
Drag to move, right drag or Shift with a drag to turn and tilt, Ctrl with the wheel to zoom. Keyboard: arrows move, Shift with arrows turn and tilt, + and – zoom, 0 resets, V steps through the views, Escape clears.
Places4
Layers9
iCredits
- Terrain Surface height in whole metres on a grid of about 245 by 275 metres, read from one overview of the 30 m product at build time; the plain lies between about 190 and 320 m with the Ridge in the middle. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010–2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014–2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved. read 2026-10-17. Estimate: A digital surface model: trees and roofs are in the heights. Relief exaggeration is printed on the stage.
- Hospitals One point for each mapped hospital, with its name and, where tagged, the operator type, bed count, emergency tag and speciality. © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. data as of 2026-07-24. Estimate: Mapped hospitals only; bed counts are rare and as tagged; no capacity, occupancy or quality is implied.
- People per cell, WorldPop 2020 People per cell in 2020, summed from the national 1 km raster onto a 100 by 90 grid of about 490 by 550 metres, drawn as columns with a quantile legend; click a cell to read it. WorldPop (www.worldpop.org), University of Southampton, 2020 UN-adjusted 1 km, CC BY 4.0; summed per cell. read 2026-10-17. Estimate: A modelled 2020 estimate adjusted to UN totals; never a count of people affected; cells outside the national file are empty.
- Population density, GPW v4.11 (2020) People per square kilometre in 2020, draped on the terrain as context for the count columns. Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0. Live: this page requests gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Estimate: Exposure context only; a 2020 estimate, never a count of people affected; a static product, the year 2020 is printed.
- Air quality, Copernicus CAMS via Open-Meteo (hourly, 5 days) Hourly PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide and ozone from the CAMS global model at the clicked point, five days from the request; the first chart opens at Connaught Place. Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0); air quality: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Live: this page requests air-quality-api.open-meteo.com when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. Estimate: Model output at about 40 km resolution, not monitor readings; never a warning; the reference line is the WHO 2021 guideline, not a local standard.
- Nitrogen dioxide column, TROPOMI (Sentinel-5P) Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column for the day shown, draped on the terrain. TROPOMI tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column, ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5P (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data), via NASA GIBS, with the product date. Live: this page requests gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Estimate: A column amount, never a ground-level concentration or a health warning.
- Surface air temperature, AIRS (daily, day) Daytime surface air temperature for the day shown, the heat layer of the twin. AIRS L3 surface air temperature (day), NASA, via NASA GIBS, with the product date. Live: this page requests gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Estimate: A satellite retrieval at about 1 degree; not a station reading and not a heat warning.
- Urban heat island, summer daytime 2013 The 2013 urban minus rural summer daytime surface temperature difference. CIESIN, Columbia University, and NASA SEDAC: Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013. Live: this page requests gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Estimate: A 2013 static product; the city has grown since; the year is printed.
- Built-up and settlement extent, HBASE 2010 Built-up extent in 2010 from Landsat, draped on the terrain. CIESIN, Columbia University, and NASA SEDAC: Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010. Live: this page requests gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov when the layer is opened; the data date is printed with it. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Estimate: A 2010 classification; the year is printed.
Why this place: One box of about 49 by 50 kilometres holds the densest part of a metropolitan region of more than thirty million people, with winter air pollution among the highest measured in any city, extreme pre-monsoon heat, a mapped hospital network and a strong urban heat island, so exposure, environmental health and health-system capacity can be taught where the signals are largest. Data quality: WorldPop and GPW v4 give the count and density, HBASE the built-up extent, the Copernicus CAMS air-quality forecast through Open-Meteo answered 178.8 micrograms per cubic metre of PM2.5 for the first hour of 17 October 2026, TROPOMI nitrogen dioxide and AIRS surface air temperature are daily via GIBS, and OpenStreetMap maps the hospitals. It connects to the Pollution and environmental health, Public health emergencies and epidemics, Health systems and health care resilience, Human development, poverty and inequality and Work, skills and occupational safety disciplines of the atlas.
Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, the WorldPop count grid as cells, the mapped hospitals and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices that can draw it, once its data and code have been checked.
The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).
Environmental exposure in India
Haze, nitrogen dioxide, dust, surface heat by day and night, and where people live, over India.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 2
Environmental exposure
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Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
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Environmental exposure, framed on India.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MERRA-2 reanalysis, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
- Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.
- Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.
- Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Optional layers (12 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
- Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC · 10 Oct 2026
- Surface dust PM2.5, monthly mean: MERRA-2, NASA GMAO / GES DISC · July 2026
- Land surface temperature, night, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
- Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
From a first case to a full ward: how an outbreak's numbers turn into hospital load
Two numbers set the shape of an outbreak, the reproduction number and the generation time; together they give the growth rate, the peak and the share of a population infected, and the hospital sees that peak through its admission rate against the beds it has.
Sources: Kermack and McKendrick, A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics (1927); Wallinga and Lipsitch, How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers (2007); WHO, Pandemic influenza severity assessment (PISA): a WHO guide (2017); WHO Global Health Observatory, hospital beds per 10,000 population (2026-10-17).
Departments and their disciplines
Each card names the department's disciplines and its open courses.
Disciplines of the faculty
Each discipline once, in its department.
How Health and Society is organised, as a process you can run
Press Play to run this process from this page's own data.
How health and Society connects the sectors
Select corners to build a signature, then hover a line to read what each sector gives and receives.
Signature
Health and its partners
Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).
W · E · I · F · H · B
- Sectors
- 4 of 6
- Relations
- 6 of 15
- Coupling
- 0.42 share of total
Strongest relations in play
- Water → Food · irrigation0.8
- Food → Health · nutrition0.7
- Infrastructure → Water · pipes, dams and treatment works0.6
- Water → Health · drinking water and sanitation0.7
Standards and evidence, with 5 related topics
Nexus Standards the faculty teaches toward
The Nexus Standards areas whose standards the faculty's disciplines teach toward, with the number of standards and disciplines in each.
Where the field is moving
Emerging areas, the technologies changing practice and the bodies whose work sets the field's methods.
What is changing now
The newest developments cited on the faculty's discipline pages, sources checked on 16 October 2026.
Research and tools
Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty's other tools.
The hub lists the newest research and preprints for 11 disciplines, each with its source and date. Open the research hub
Public health emergencies and epidemics, Health systems and health care resilience, Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology, Epidemic modelling and forecasting, One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance, Pollution and environmental health, Climate and health, Human development, poverty and inequality, Just transition, social and human rights risk, Work, skills and occupational safety, Mental health and psychosocial risk
Where to start, and where it leads
The faculty's entry course, then its flagship pathways and the Academy flagship in Nexus-Based Risk Management.
Courses of the faculty
Courses whose primary discipline is in this faculty.
Where these subjects are practised
Learning and connections
Labs used in the faculty's courses
| Lab | What you do in it | Courses using it |
|---|---|---|
| Map lab | Read hazard, exposure and boundaries on real maps | 5 |
| Network lab | Build dependency graphs, find critical nodes, trace cascades | 4 |
| Exposure lab | Overlay people and assets with hazard footprints | 2 |
Programmes that span faculties
Each programme joins disciplines from more than one faculty under an institute of the Academy, and appears on every faculty it spans.
Institutes that convene the faculty
Across the ecosystem
Take part in Health and Society
Start from who you are.
Questions, answers and key terms
Is study here free?
What does completing a course give me?
Where do the data and the places come from?
How do I take part beyond the faculty's courses?
Key terms
Faculty of Health and Society
The faculty studies risk as people experience it, in their health, environment, livelihoods, work and rights.
Department
A body of related disciplines within the Faculty of Health and Society, with its own courses and pathways.
Primary discipline
The discipline a course mainly teaches; a course may also teach up to two other disciplines.
Exposure
The people or assets within the reach of a hazard or a pollutant, counted from a population grid; not the same as those harmed.
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Around the Faculty of Health and Society
Start in one department
Each department lists its disciplines, courses and pathways; each discipline its scope, labs, technology and key terms.