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Reports · Risk Academy · Faculty
Water and Food Systems · Ecology and Land Systems · Climate and Ocean Sciences
Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Reports
The faculty studies the water, land, ocean, climate and living systems on which every other risk depends. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.
- Series
- 1
- Systems
- 6
- Disciplines
- 10
What this area brings to the editions.
The faculty studies the water, land, ocean, climate and living systems on which every other risk depends. It teaches how these systems are observed and modelled, how they change, and how their decline or extremes become risks to people and economies.
9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the systems this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.
- JPNJapanGreenhouse-gas emissions were 1,071 Mt CO₂e in FY2023: 4.0% below FY2022 and 23.3% below FY2013 (27.1% net of removals).REPORTED · COUNTRY-JPN-CLI-001
- GLBGlobal SystemsGlobal temperature was 1.43 ± 0.13 °C above 1850–1900 in 2025, after a record 1.55 °C in 2024; 2015–2025 are the eleven warmest years.REPORTED · GLOBAL-SYSTEMS-CLI-001
- CANCanadaNational GHG emissions were 685 Mt CO₂e in 2024: 10.3% below 2005 and 0.3% below 2023.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CAN-CLI-001
- USAUnited StatesGross greenhouse-gas emissions were 6,343 Mt CO₂e in 2022; net emissions were about 17% below 2005.REPORTED · COUNTRY-USA-CLI-001
- GBRUnited KingdomTerritorial greenhouse-gas emissions were 373 Mt CO₂e in 2024, 3% below 2023 and 53% below 1990.REPORTED · COUNTRY-GBR-CLI-001
- FRAFranceTerritorial emissions were 369 Mt CO₂e in 2024, 1.8% below 2023 and 32% below 1990.REPORTED · COUNTRY-FRA-CLI-001
- DEUGermanyGreenhouse-gas emissions were 649 Mt CO₂e in 2024, 3.4% below 2023 and 48% below 1990.REPORTED · COUNTRY-DEU-CLI-001
- ITAItalyGreenhouse-gas emissions were 363 Mt CO₂e in 2024, 3.6% below 2023 and 30.2% below 1990.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ITA-CLI-001
- GS-01Global Water2.2 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water and 3.5 billion lacked safely managed sanitation in 2022.REPORTED · SECTOR-WATER-GLOBAL-WAT-001
From Foundry evidence to the series.
The evidence, step by step, from the systems this area reads to the series it feeds.
How Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences reaches Reports: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.
| Step | What happens | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 01 What it reads | Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences reads The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) and NXS-EOP (earth observation and digital twins): governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source. | |
| 02 How it reads them | Water security and hydrology and Food systems and agriculture turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value. | |
| 03 The cut is sealed | Each quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt. | |
| 04 The series it feeds | The cut feeds Observatory Signal, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series. | |
| 05 Who decides | Decisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it. |
A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Reports (2026); Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences home (2026).
The series it feeds, and what backs each.
| Series | Foundry systems it draws on | Academy disciplines | Series home |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observatory Signal | NXS-OPS (instruments, sensors and calibration) calibrated primary observations and their uncertainty budgets NXS-EWS (multi-hazard monitoring and warning) whether an anomaly was forecast and how well NXS-EOP observational change products that corroborate a signal NXS-SIG spectrum and timing anomalies that affect dependent services | Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI Climate science, variability and change Space systems, space weather and navigation | Observatory Signal series home |
The 10 disciplines this faculty teaches.
- Water security and hydrology1Open courses4In preparation
- Food systems and agriculture1Open courses5In preparation
- Biodiversity and ecosystems1Open courses1In preparation
- Land, forests and soils1Open courses1In preparation
- Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience0Open courses0In preparation
- Climate science, variability and change0Open courses7In preparation
- Oceans and coasts0Open courses7In preparation
- Cryosphere and mountain systems0Open courses0In preparation
- Earth observation and Earth system data0Open courses0In preparation
- Atmosphere and air chemistry0Open courses0In preparation
The systems, methods and teaching behind it.
- NXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRX
- NXS-EOPNXS-EOPNXS-EOPRooms: Acquisition, Change.
- NXS-AAP (anticipatory action and triggers)NXS-AAPNXS-AAPRooms: Triggers, Readiness.
- NXS-DSS (decision cases and deliberation)NXS-DSSNXS-DSSRooms: Scenarios, Decisions.
- NXS-OPSNXS-OPSNXS-OPSRooms: Instruments, Metrology.
- NXS-EWSNXS-EWSNXS-EWSRooms: Forecast Verification, Warning Desk.
Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.
- Counterpart · GCRIReportsWater NexusDraws on this faculty.
- Counterpart · GCRIReportsFood NexusDraws on this faculty.
- Counterpart · GCRIReportsBiodiversity NexusDraws on this faculty.
- Counterpart · GCRIReportsClimate and HazardsDraws on this faculty.
- Counterpart · GCRIReportsOceans and CoastsDraws on this faculty.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsHydrometeorological hazard standardsHazards and disaster risk reduction. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsWMO and hydrometeorological servicesEarly warning and anticipatory action. Parts NS-3, NS-9, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsFAO and food securityWater and food systems. Parts NS-3, NS-10.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsWater risk standardsWater and food systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsFood and agriculture risk standardsWater and food systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsBiodiversity and nature risk standardsClimate and Earth systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-5, NS-9, NS-11.
Contribute on Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.
Write a contribution the editor can act on.
Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.
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Open science for Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.
Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences’s open record
- Area
- Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Feeds
- Observatory Signal
- Record
- A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
- Links
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- Licence
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- CRediT
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}Releases for this area.
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