Illustrative: a state in a double-well potential, tipping and returning with hysteresis as the forcing changes

Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium · Earth and Environmental Sciences

Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience

The planetary boundaries framework asks how far the Earth system can be pushed before it leaves the stable state in which societies developed.

Map planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience on a real place

01Model

The model, step by step

The model

From a tonne of carbon to a boundary: how emissions become concentration, forcing and warming, and where the safe space ends

DataModelGateDecision

8 steps
Concentration above the 350 ppm boundary
141 ppm
Concentration rise a year
2.31 ppm
Concentration at the horizon
491 ppm
Carbon dioxide forcing against pre-industrial
3.05 W/m²
/

The model From a tonne of carbon to a boundary: how emissions become concentration, forcing and warming, and where the safe space ends

02Scope

What the discipline covers

The subtopics its courses and labs teach.

Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience: 0 primary courses open, 0 in preparation and 0 also taught here, across 9 subtopics. Courses: none yet.
Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience at a glance
  • Open, 0
  • In preparation, 0
  • Subtopics, 9
Course codes from the curriculum; study levels L1 to L4.
Courses
In development
Levels
In development
Labs
In development
  • The planetary boundaries framework
  • Climate change and biosphere integrity as core boundaries
  • Land-system change and freshwater change
  • Biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus
  • Ocean acidification
  • Atmospheric aerosol loading and stratospheric ozone
  • Novel entities
  • Earth system resilience and interactions between boundaries
  • Safe and just Earth system boundaries
03The discipline

The field and its scope

For Earth system scientists, sustainability analysts and policy advisers who need to read a planetary boundary assessment or a tipping point estimate and understand what the control variable, the threshold and the uncertainty zone each mean.

04Measures

Quantities and units

05Methods

Methods and their limits

Each method is listed with what it assumes and where it fails.

06Debates

What the field debates

07Bodies and data

Bodies that set practice, and the data they publish

Bodies and standards are named so learners can find and apply their published work; the Academy teaches their use and links to the publisher, and no affiliation is implied.

08Simulator

Run the discipline's simulator

Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience's own model, as a live chart: move each parameter and read how the outputs respond.

09Maps

Build a twin of any place

Search any place or open the world; the layers and generators follow planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience on the planet map, the globe and in 3D.

The Po at Casale Monferrato and the Vercelli rice plain: a flat plan of the faculty twin. Terrain 63 to 471 m; River 435 km; Canal 2,280 km; River discharge, GloFAS via Open-Meteo: read live when the 3D twin opens; Vegetation index, MODIS Terra NDVI 8-day: read live when the 3D twin opens; Soil moisture, SMAP L3 (daily): read live when the 3D twin opens; Precipitation rate, GPM IMERG (30 minutes): read live when the 3D twin opens; Surface water extent, OPERA DSWx (HLS): read live when the 3D twin opens; True colour at 30 m, HLS Sentinel-2 (daily granules): read live when the 3D twin opens. Contours every 50 metres from the elevation grid; rivers and named canals by class.
The Po at Casale Monferrato and the Vercelli rice plain, Italy. Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, rivers and canals, and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.
  • Terrain 63 to 471 m
  • River 435 km
  • Canal 2,280 km
  • River discharge, GloFAS via Open-Meteo: read live when the 3D twin opens
  • Vegetation index, MODIS Terra NDVI 8-day: read live when the 3D twin opens
  • Soil moisture, SMAP L3 (daily): read live when the 3D twin opens
  • Precipitation rate, GPM IMERG (30 minutes): read live when the 3D twin opens
  • Surface water extent, OPERA DSWx (HLS): read live when the 3D twin opens
  • True colour at 30 m, HLS Sentinel-2 (daily granules): read live when the 3D twin opens
Credits and dates per layer are listed under the stage. Relief in the twin is exaggerated ×1.5 for legibility.

Drag to move, right drag or Shift with a drag to turn and tilt, Ctrl with the wheel to zoom. Keyboard: arrows move, Shift with arrows turn and tilt, + and - zoom, 0 resets, V steps through the views, Escape clears.

Flat plan of the same data: relief as contours from the inline grid, rivers and canals, and the numbers below. The 3D twin opens on devices with WebGL once its data and library have been checked.

The boundaries, names and designations shown do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Countries: Natural Earth (public domain).

10Research hub

Research hub: papers, preprints and datasets

Open scholarly sources searched with the subject terms of Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience.

Search termsPlanetary boundaries and Earth system resilience; The planetary boundaries framework; Climate change and biosphere integrity as core boundaries; Land-system change and freshwater change; Biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus; Ocean acidificationDerived from the Risk Academy page on Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

11Hub

Research and tools

Research and preprints as they are published, by discipline, with the faculty's other tools.

The hub lists the newest research and preprints for Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience, each with its source and date. Open the research hub

12What is changing now

What is changing now

Recent developments in planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience, each with its source; sources checked on 16 October 2026.

13Courses

Courses in this discipline

Courses for this discipline are in development; until they open, study it through the connected courses and open lessons below.

The course catalogue lists every open course of the Academy.

14Technology in this area

How technology helps and what risk it brings

AspectIn this area
Technology that helpsEarth observation and acoustic monitoring, environmental DNA and GeoAI.
Risk technology createsThe governance of biotechnology releases, and data sovereignty.
  • RAT-212 GeoAI for Risk: Methods and Critical Review In development
  • RAS-419 Biosecurity Governance and Oversight In development
  • RAT-233 Risk Data Governance, Provenance and Licensing In development
15Achievements

Achievements in this discipline

  1. Course achievements

    One for each course with this as its primary discipline, earned when you pass the course's assessed activities.

  2. Department: Ecology and Land Systems

    Earn two discipline achievements in the Department of Ecology and Land Systems. In development.

An achievement is a record of the learning completed and assessed here. How recognition works.

16Where this is practised

Where the subject is practised

A field platform page on this subject is in development.

17Practised in

The two Nexus Foundry systems where it is practised

  • Nexus FoundryGRIx systemBoundary indicators are canonical risk dataData room, Cascades room
  • DSS systemPathways that stay within or cross boundaries are scenario setsScenarios room

Nexus Foundry system pages describe what each system and its rooms are designed to do; the courses teach the methods these systems apply.

18Across the ecosystem

Across the ecosystem

20References

Core references and where to begin

Start with Rockström, then Steffen, then Richardson.

NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-ACADEMY

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Risk Academy
Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience

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Open courses in connected disciplines teach the methods this discipline will build on.

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